Informational only — not legal advice. Laws and case precedent change, and outcomes depend on your specific policy language. Verify current law with your state Department of Insurance or a qualified attorney before relying on it.
Can insurers depreciate labor when calculating ACV?
PermittedPennsylvania permits insurers to depreciate labor in an actual cash value calculation. What depreciates is the finished product — the completed roof — not just the shingles sitting on it. Expect labor depreciation on any ACV payment where the policy sets ACV as replacement cost less depreciation, and recover it through the depreciation holdback after the work is done.
Authority
Papurello v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 144 F. Supp. 3d 746 (W.D. Pa. 2015), applying Pennsylvania law, holds that under the replacement-cost-less-depreciation method the property whose value depreciates is the finished product, so labor may be depreciated. No Pennsylvania statute, regulation, or appellate decision bars the practice. Pennsylvania appellate law confirms that depreciation deductions are proper where the policy expressly provides for them. London v. Ins. Placement Facility of Pa., 703 A.2d 45 (Pa. Super. 1997); Kane v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 841 A.2d 1038 (Pa. Super. 2003). Both address depreciation generally rather than labor specifically. Kurach v. Truck Ins. Exch., 235 A.3d 1106 (Pa. 2020) concerns contractor overhead and profit, not labor depreciation, and does not cut against Papurello.
Papurello v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 144 F. Supp. 3d 746 (W.D. Pa. 2015) — full opinion (Casemine) · Kurach v. Truck Ins. Exch., 235 A.3d 1106 (Pa. 2020) — PA Supreme Court on overhead/profit in ACV (confirms deductions proper where policy authorizes; not contrary on labor)
Related: RCV vs. ACV and recoverable depreciation, explained · Xactimate RFG vs. DMO labor — pricing removal correctly
Must insurers replace undamaged materials so the repair matches?
Not requiredPennsylvania has no matching, line-of-sight, or uniform-appearance statute or insurance regulation. Under the standard policy language covering the damaged part of the building and requiring like construction, the carrier owes repair or replacement of the damaged portion only, and like construction means materials similar in function, color, and shape rather than a perfect match. Undamaged slopes generally do not get replaced to make shingles match. The one opening is availability: if no materials of like kind and quality can reasonably be had, whether repair suffices becomes a question of fact.
Authority
Greene v. United Services Auto. Ass'n, 936 A.2d 1178 (Pa. Super. 2007), construing replacement cost of that part of the building damaged and like construction language, holds the insurer owed replacement of one damaged slope of a twelve-slope roof, not the whole roof, and that like construction requires only similarity in function, color, and shape. Collins v. Allstate Ins. Co., 2009 WL 4729901 (E.D. Pa. 2009) recognizes the availability exception: where replacement materials of like kind and quality in similar color, size, and texture are not reasonably available, the repair-versus-replace question goes to the fact-finder. Outcomes turn on the exact policy wording and on whether like-kind materials exist.
Greene v. United Services Automobile Association (2007) — full Pa. Superior Court opinion, FindLaw (primary) · Collins v. Allstate Insurance Co., No. 2:09-cv-01824 (E.D. Pa. Dec. 10, 2009) — full opinion, Casemine (primary)
Related: The line items adjusters miss on a roof claim · How to fight a lowball insurance estimate
Can a contractor pay or waive the homeowner's deductible?
No specific statutePennsylvania has no statute prohibiting a contractor from waiving, rebating, absorbing, or discounting an insurance deductible, and none prohibiting advertising to do so. The exposure is the fraud analysis and it depends on the billing: a genuine discount taken out of your own margin breaks no Pennsylvania statute, but hiding the deductible by inflating what you bill the carrier is criminal insurance fraud. Bill the carrier the price you actually intend to collect.
You may
- Bill the carrier the price you actually charge and collect
- Offer a payment plan or financing for the deductible
- Give a genuine, disclosed discount off your real price
- Tell the homeowner the carrier then pays proportionally less
- Document the true contract price in the file
You may not
- Inflate the estimate to bury the deductible
- Submit a price you never intend to collect
- Advertise no out-of-pocket cost when the homeowner owes the deductible
- Issue a credit or rebate that contradicts the billed price
- Sign a contract price you privately agree to reduce after payment
Penalty: Presenting a claim statement with false, incomplete, or misleading information is criminal insurance fraud under 18 Pa.C.S. § 4117(a)(2), and a false no-out-of-pocket advertisement is reachable as a deceptive practice under the UTPCPL.
Authority
The Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act's prohibited acts provision, 73 P.S. § 517.9, enumerates twelve prohibited acts; none mentions deductibles or rebates, and its only insurance reference is the contractor's own liability-insurance obligation at § 517.9(10)(ii)(B). The general statutes reach the fraudulent version. 18 Pa.C.S. § 4117(a)(2) makes it a crime to knowingly present a claim statement containing false, incomplete, or misleading information; it has no deductible-specific subsection. The Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law, 73 P.S. § 201-1 et seq., incorporated into HICPA by 73 P.S. § 517.10, reaches deceptive advertising. A disclosed discount is lawful. Because the carrier owes the covered loss less the deductible, a lower real price means a lower carrier payment, so a discount does not relieve the homeowner of the deductible. Financing the deductible is not waiving it.
Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act, Act 132 (73 P.S. § 517.1 et seq.) — full text, PA Office of Attorney General (primary/.gov) · 73 P.S. § 517.9 — Prohibited acts (HICPA) — verified: no deductible/rebate language · 18 Pa.C.S. § 4117 — Insurance fraud — verified: exists, no deductible-specific clause · 73 P.S. § 517.10 — Unfair trade practices (HICPA incorporation of UTPCPL)
Related: RCV vs. ACV and recoverable depreciation, explained
Can a contractor negotiate the homeowner's claim?
RestrictedPennsylvania requires a public adjuster license from the Insurance Commissioner before anyone advertises or holds himself out as an adjuster of claims and takes compensation for advising or assisting an insured in adjusting one. You may inspect, scope, estimate, photograph, supplement, and defend every line item of your own work with the carrier's adjuster. You may not hold yourself out as the person who handles the claim, advise the homeowner on coverage, or negotiate the settlement as their representative.
You may
- Inspect the roof and document the damage
- Prepare a scope, estimate, and supplement for your own work
- Submit that estimate and supporting photos to the carrier
- Explain and defend your line items, labor rates, and prices to the adjuster
- Meet the adjuster on site for the inspection
- Recommend that the homeowner file a claim
You may not
- Advertise that you handle claims or fight the insurance company
- Hold yourself out to the public as an adjuster of claims
- Advise the homeowner on policy coverage or claim rights
- Negotiate the overall claim settlement as the homeowner's representative
- Take compensation for assisting in the adjustment of the claim
- Use an assignment or power of attorney to work the claim in the homeowner's place
Penalty: Unlicensed public adjusting is a misdemeanor carrying a fine of $500 to $1,000 per violation under 63 P.S. § 1607, with civil penalties up to $5,000 per violation under § 1606(b); willful violations of the act's fraud and misrepresentation provisions are third-degree felonies.
Authority
Public Adjuster Licensing Law, Act of Dec. 20, 1983, P.L. 260, No. 72 (63 P.S. §§ 1601-1608). Section 1601 defines a public adjuster as any person advertising, soliciting business, or holding himself out to the public as an adjuster of claims for losses on property insurance in the Commonwealth who receives compensation for giving the insured advice or assistance in the adjustment of such claims. Section 1602 bars acting directly or indirectly as a public adjuster without a license. The definition is conjunctive: holding out as an adjuster plus compensated advice or assistance in adjustment. Its only exemptions are insurer agents and employees adjusting losses under policies they wrote, and producers adjusting without compensation. There is no contractor exemption and no express contractor prohibition. Implementing regulations appear at 31 Pa. Code Ch. 115; § 115.7 incorporates the act's penalty provisions and the Unfair Insurance Practices Act for a pattern of violations or a single flagrant violation. Two qualifications. The Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act, 73 P.S. §§ 517.1-517.19, says nothing about insurance claims, claim negotiation, public adjusting, or deductibles; its prohibited-acts section covers registration, refunds, false completion certificates, abandonment, deviation from plans, fraudulent financing, false advertising, and deposit limits. And no Pennsylvania court opinion or Insurance Department bulletin applies Act 72 to roofing contractors specifically, so the estimate-versus-negotiation line rests on the statutory text.
Public Adjuster Licensing Law, Act 72 of 1983 (63 P.S. §§ 1601–1608) — full official text, PA General Assembly · 31 Pa. Code Ch. 115 (Public Adjuster Contracts) — table of contents and statutory authority citing 63 P.S. §§ 1601—1608 · 31 Pa. Code § 115.7 (Penalties; incorporates Act §§ 6–8 and the Unfair Insurance Practices Act) · Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act, Act 132 of 2008 (73 P.S. §§ 517.1 et seq.) — full text; § 9 prohibited acts contain no insurance-claim provision
Related: What is a roofing supplement? · How to fight a lowball insurance estimate
Make sure the Pennsylvania claim pays what it should
ClaimSpark checks depreciation, matching, and scope against what the job requires — and supplements when the carrier comes up short.
Start Free